What kind of agarose grade is required for high speed PCR electrophoresis: ---- In PCR electrophoresis, agarose quality is important. But our high speed electrophoresis technique was designed for any grade of agarose powder on the market. So far, over 86 different kinds of agarose have been used successfully in our Liberty 120 gel system for rapid electrophoresis.

How electrophoretic power is connected: ---- PCR gel is usually immersed under electrophoresis buffer for electrophoretic connection. In our techniques, The body of PCR gel is immersed in cooling water. Two ends of PCR gel are exposed to buffer reservoirs for electrophoretic connection. This setup reduces temperature of PCR gel during electrophoresis so that high voltage can be used to drive DNA samples with rapid electrophoretic migration.

What kind of electrophoresis buffer used for high speed PCR electrophoresis: ---- For PCR electrophoresis, 1X TAE buffer, 1x TBE buffer are the most popular buffers of electrophoresis, For denaturing electrophoresis, MOPS is the choice of buffer in high speed electrophoresis.

Why Liberty 120 is the best gel system for high concentration PCR electrophoresis: ---- First, high resolution agarose is the most expensive agarose on the market, usually over $3 for each gram of agarose. Second, high resolution agarose is used at a very high concentration which make an PCR gel extra costly. Third, high concentration agarose makes electrophoretic migration of DNA very slow in conventional electrophoresis, usually over hours. With Liberty 120 gel system, you can save agarose with 3 gel sizes, you can run gels at much higher voltage to generate powerful electrophoretic force. The costs of time and agarose are reduced.

Why PCR gel can be immersed in cooling water: ---- Agarose solution in TAE buffer forms a solid agarose gel when cold down in gel tray. By soaking the PCR gel in a cooling water without running electrophoresis, the buffer ions in PCR gel body can release slowly from PCR gel body to cooling water. But, during high voltage PCR electrophoresis, ions are driven by powerful electrophoretic force between two electrodes and move horizontally across PCR gel body which prevents the escape of ions from PCR gel to cooling water.

Why high speed PCR gel electrophoresis shows straight banding: ---- The rate of electrophoretic migration of DNA through PCR gel is depend on voltage, agarose concentration, and temperature. In regarding to the issue of "band smiling", the concentration of agarose is uniform and can be removed from our discussion. For factor of temperature, in traditional PCR electrophoresis, PCR gel is immersed under a thin layer of electrophoresis buffer (the layer of buffer has to be thin for reducing electric current). The cooling function of the buffer liquid is very weak. The local temperature across sample lanes of a PCR gel during electrophoresis varies significantly which is the main source of "gel band smiling". In Liberty 120 gel system, agarose gel is immersed under large volume of cooling water, every points of the entire PCR gel remain in uniform temperature during electrophoresis, this is, gel smiling is substantially removed.

Can we run sybr green pcr high speed --- Yes. Sybr green pcr samples show the same bands as regular tagman pcrs.

Can we see pcr primers on high speed gel --- The length of PCR primers are usually 18-30 bases. Frequently, PCR primers form dimers in gel electrophoresis. Therefore, when running a high concentration gel, such as 3% high resolution agarose gel, we can see PCR primers in two bands. The first band is primer in single formate. The second band is primer dimer.

What are the differences between PCR and real time QPCR --- When compare the real time PCR with regular pcr amplification methods, the key point are: A. The regular taqman PCR gives your the final result of the amplification. But real time PCR shows you the speed of template detection and amplification. That is, Real time Q PCR offers you a quantitative measurement of your template. Higher quantity of template reaches maximum amplification in earlier cycles and lower quantity of template reaches maximum amplications in delayed cycles of real time pcr analysis. B. In real time q pcr, 3 primers are required. The 3rd primer is a probe to report the progress of the real time pcr in each thermal cycle. That is why it called real time q PCR. While regular PCR provides no information about the thermal cycles.